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MANDURIA
The town, located in northern Salento, is equidistant from Taranto, Lecce and Brindisi. it is also known as 'City of Messapi' and of 'Primitivo'. Founded by the Messapi around the 10th century BC. C, defended by the attacks of the Tarantino / Spartan militias in 472 a. C. (Herodotus - Stories), and a second time from those led by the king of Sparta Archidamo who perished in front of the walls, perished in 338 a. C. (Plutarch, Parallel Lives), and subsequently destroyed by Quinto Fabio Massimo during the second Punic war (quoted in Ab Urbe Condita - Tito Livio), still bears numerous testimonies of its ancient past, including the megalithic walls (5th-2nd century . a. C.), built on the moat that surrounded the city and the necropolis (VII century BC). An important monument from the Messapian era is the Fonte Pliniano (registered in Naturalis Historia - Pliny the Elder). Among the main monument area are the Romanesque collegiate church (better known as the Mother Church), the Jewish ghetto of the medieval era , the clock tower, palaces with a noble appearance built in various eras and features of the ancient Messapian circle of walls. Particular interest arouses the visit to the local wineries where it is possible to appreciate the famous 'Primitivo' of Manduria. HIST. Located in a hilly area in the northern Salento on the border with the Murgia, it was an important Messapian and later Roman center, the city is known in the Middle Ages for its Jewish community. Not far from the route of the ancient Via Appia between Brindisi and Taranto, Oria is 35 km from Taranto, 32 km from Brindisi and 45 km from Lecce. Monuments and places of interest: Frantoio Ipogeo The Oria oil mill or hypogeum trappeto represents the last traces of the flourishing rural civilization of the 14th century. Castle of Oria: it was a welcoming place for kings, princes and knights; in addition to the guests at the wedding of Frederick II, we remember that Queen Maria d'Enghien (1407), her husband Ladislao king of Naples (1414), princess Isabella of Chiaromonte and king Ferrante of Aragon (1447) stayed there; the Castle of Oria, declared a National Monument, was sold on July 2, 2007 to Borgo Ducale srl. Door of the Jews. Also known as Porta Taranto because from here we headed towards the Ionian city, it is one of the 3 city gates (one of which is no longer in situ). The door, which leads to the Giudecca of the Jewish community of Oria, gives access to a tortuous medieval quarter, with small houses, shops, hidden balconies. The Tournament of the Wards it originates from the announcement that Emperor Frederick II wanted to issue in 1225, during a period of stay in Oria. Athletes and riders belonging to the four districts challenge each other in the tough medieval tests valid for the assignment of the coveted 'Palio'. A wonderful show of colors and sensations that makes use of the high patronage of the Presidency of the Republic and which for some years has been combined with one of the national lotteries, thanks also to the twinning with the Federician cities of Jesi and Palermo. An appointment not to be missed that is repeated every year - since 1967, in the second weekend of August - to relive one of the most fascinating and mysterious pages of Apulian history. GROTTAGLIE Rich in history and natural beauty, about 25 km away, the town of Grottaglie (from the Latin Kriptalys, a name that emphasizes the presence of caves in much of its territory) with the many sports, cultural and voluntary structures present in the area , is one of the most active centers in the Province of Taranto, but is famous all over the world especially for its majolica. Forte is, in fact, also the tourist attraction exercised by the Ceramiche district itself. The ceramic craftsmanship is of particular importance in the city, so much so that there is also an art institute that trains students in this process. Among the peculiarities of the Grottagliese ceramics are some objects including: lu capasone (large container that serves to store and keep wine or oil in good condition), the chat with lid (blanched jug that originally had in the eighteenth century a ornamental function), lu srulu, a sort of ceramic jug inside which wine was used to put water, and its variant 'lu srulu a secret', 'lu pumu' (pumo), a terracotta object that places at the corners of the balconies of the Ionian town: this object, shaped like a bud, often appears as an ornament at the corners of the balconies of the houses in the historic city center. Of great notoriety and collectible interest are the Grottagliese ceramics of the 19th and 18th centuries. Noteworthy is the Ceramics Quarter, located south of the historic center, has been the main place of residence and work for small ceramic artisans since the 18th century, and today there are still some small artisan and manufacturing activities dedicated to working with ceramics. MARUGGIO. The town was founded between 870 and 963 in a hidden position within a natural depression to not be very visible from the sea and therefore to defend itself against Saracen attacks. Maruggio was first a fief of the Cateniano family and later, starting from 1130, the year in which Roger II unified the duchy of Puglia to that of Calabria giving life to the Kingdom of Sicily, it was in the possession of the De Marresio (or Marrese). A long period of wealth and tranquility for the town began with the 16th century. In the sixteenth century Maruggio was elevated by the Knights of Malta to a masterful command. They ruled it continuously from 1317 to 1819, when the commandery finally disappeared, after having already been suppressed on August 2, 1806.
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